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News Physiol Sci 1: 19-23, 1986;
1548-9213/86 $5.00
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News in Physiological Sciences, Vol 1, 19-23, Copyright © 1986 by International Union of Physiological Sciences

ARTICLES

Excitotoxic Amino Acids

JW Olney

The excitatory transmitters glutamate and aspartate and certain structural analogues, known collectively as excitotoxins, interact with synaptic membrane receptors to excite central nervous system (CNS) neurons, either physiologically or unto death, depending on the duration of receptor interaction. The ability of these agents, when administered orally or subcutaneously, to penetrate the enocrine hypothalamus and excite or destroy hypothalamic neurons makes them useful neuroendocrine research probes;these same properties raise important questions regarding the currently widespread use of excitotoxins as food additives. Accumulating evidence suggests that excitotoxins endogeneously present in the CNS may play pathogenic roles in human neurological disorders and provides hope that rational therapeutic approaches to such conditions may be developed.




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