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A. Malliani is Professor of Internal Medicine at the University of Milan, Hospital "L. Sacco," via G. B. Grassi, 74, 20157 Milan, Italy.
In most physiological conditions, sympathetic and vagal activities modulating heart period undergo a reciprocal regulation, leading to the concept of sympathovagal balance. This pattern can be indirectly quantified by computing the spectral powers of the oscillatory components corresponding to respiratory acts (high frequency) and to vasomotor waves (low frequency) present in heart rate variability.
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