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How a Turtle's Shell Helps It Survive Prolonged Anoxic Acidosis

Donald C. Jackson

D. C. Jackson is in the Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912.
Anoxic turtles accumulate high levels of lactate in blood. To avoid fatal acidosis, turtles exploit buffer reserves in their large mineralized shell. The shell acts by releasing calcium and magnesium carbonates and by storing and buffering lactic acid. Together with profound metabolic depression, shell buffering permits survival without oxygen for several months at 3°C.

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				D. E. Warren and D. C. Jackson Effects of temperature on anoxic submergence: skeletal buffering, lactate distribution, and glycogen utilization in the turtle, Trachemys scripta Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 2007; 293(1): R458 - R467. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. E. Warren and D. C. Jackson The role of mineralized tissue in the buffering of lactic acid during anoxia and exercise in the leopard frog Rana pipiens J. Exp. Biol., March 15, 2005; 208(6): 1117 - 1124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. E. Warren and D. C. Jackson Effects of swimming on metabolic recovery from anoxia in the painted turtle J. Exp. Biol., July 1, 2004; 207(15): 2705 - 2713. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]