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T. A. Ryan is in the Department of Biochemistry, The Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10021. H. Reuter is in the Department of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Friedbuehlstrasse 49, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
Neurotransmitter-containing vesicles in presynaptic nerve terminals are essential for synaptic transmission. The vesicles undergo a cycle that leads to transmitter release by exocytosis followed by endocytosis and refilling of the vesicles. Here we discuss new optical methods that have helped researchers study this cycle at functional and molecular levels, which is essential for our understanding of the regulation of synaptic transmission.
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