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1 Institut de Bioenginyeria, Universitat Miguel Hernández, Campus de Sant Joan, 03550 Alacant;
2 Laboratorio de Fisiologia Animal, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife; and
3 Unitat de Senyalització Cellular, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
Estrogens have a wide array of biological effects, targeting both genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. Classically, the estrogen receptors activating the transcription machinery in the nucleus were thought to be distinct from the extranuclear estrogen receptors. Recently, this conceptual wall has started to be dismantled as the result of the identification of novel routes of estrogen action.
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