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Forces, Fishes, and Fluids: Hydrodynamic Mechanisms of Aquatic Locomotion

George V. Lauder¹ and Eliot G. Drucker²

¹ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; and
² Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
Understanding how fishes generate external fluid force to swim steadily and maneuver has proven to be difficult because water does not provide a stable platform for force measurement. But new methods in experimental fluid mechanics provide insights into the physiological mechanisms of aquatic force generation and limits to locomotor performance.

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