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REVIEW
Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System and Brigham & Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, ahofer{at}rics.bwh.harvard.edu
Calcium and cyclic AMP are familiar second messengers that typically become elevated inside cells on activation of cell surface receptors. This article will explore emerging evidence that transport of these signaling molecules across the plasma membrane allows them to be recycled as "third messengers," extending their ability to convey information in a domain outside the cell.
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